A Comprehensive Review of Biogas Sector for Electric Power Generation in Pakistan | PSM Biological Research

A Comprehensive Review of Biogas Sector for Electric Power Generation in Pakistan | PSM Biological Research

This review study is directed towards the establishment of commercial biogas sector for electric power generation in Pakistan. Pakistan is facing severe electric power crisis because of huge mismatch between supply and demand of electric power generation. Major issues lies at generation side as a consequence of poor infrastructure, depleting nature of conventional fuel resources. Keeping in view the Pakistan’s agriculture base and environmental concerns we focus on biogas sector for electric power generation. The marked increase of 3.7% is observed in livestock sector of Pakistan according to economic survey of Pakistan 2012-2013. The aforementioned increase of livestock sector results in 1140 million dung production. Therefore, due to environmental concerns and energy crisis of Pakistan we need to utilize all waste and manure from livestock sector in an efficient way. The transformation process of manure and waste in to methane gas is called Biogas .This methane gas can be utilized as a fuel for domestic and industrial purpose. Therefore, biogas will act as an alternative, sustainable and renewable energy resource. We focus on KPK province for visiting the installed biogas plants and then further  analysis the data provided by PCRET (Pakistan Council of Renewable energies technologies) for whole country. The aforementioned analysis clearly illustrated that there is a pronounced potential for commercial biogas sector for mitigating energy crisis in Pakistan.

Prevalence of Liver disorders in Islamabad City | PSM Biological Research

Prevalence of Liver disorders in Islamabad City | PSM Biological Research

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of liver disorders through liver function enzyme tests (LFTs) in Islamabad. A total of 250 blood samples were screened in Kahuta Research Laboratory (KRL), Islamabad for the presence of liver disorders through liver function enzyme tests (LFTs) viz., alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Total Bilirubin (T.Bil) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). The results were analyzed by comparing the correlation among ALT, ALP and T. Bilirubin and compiled by comparing elevated level of LF enzymes with respect to age. It has been observed that correlation coefficient between ALT and T. Bilirubin; ALP and T. Bilirubin; ALT and ALP was positive values which indicate that slightly elevation in these enzymes released from hepatocytes cause liver disorders. The level of ALT and ALP abruptly decreased in (1-15 years), and then it gradually increased in age groups 16-30 years, 31-45 years. Their level was much higher in (46-60 years). However the level of T. Bilirubin was higher in children and adults in age groups (1-15years) and (46-60 years) but it was slightly elevated in age groups (16-30 years) and (31-45 years). It is concluded that elevation of liver enzymes is responsible for liver disorders.

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